FORD MOTOR COMPANY · NYSE: F · CIK 0001467858 · PUBLIC COMPANY BRIEF · 13 SEP 2026

What Ford builds itself, what it builds with a battery partner, and what it builds out of aluminum.

Ford's material-transition lane is a closed-loop service and battery problem: the company remanufactures powertrain and other components, while BlueOval SK manufacturing scrap and end-of-life batteries are sent to recyclers under region-, source- and chemistry-specific arrangements. Ford's 2025 integrated report also describes LCA work on recycled polymers, composites and battery circularity. The next decision is one battery chemistry or reman component family with a named plant, recycler, yield and re-entry route.

Three-segment structure since 2023 Evidence grade B · strong at corporate/segment level, thin at plant level Revenue provides scale context

Ford Motor Company

Public company brief

Public materials brief.

FY2024 revenue

~$185B

Reported · Ford 10-K, source set has no SEC mapping resolved

TRI facility leads

2024 U.S. match, unresolved

Reporting segments

Ford Blue; Ford Model e; Ford Pro

2024 TRI aggregate quantity

15.3M lb

23 facilities, parent-name match

BlueOval SK

2 plant sites

Battery-cell JV with SK On, company reported

Company flow

Public evidence, arranged around Ford's physical production system: three reporting segments built around a common vehicle platform base, a battery-cell joint venture that sits outside Ford's own wholly owned plant footprint, and a flagship truck program with a distinct materials story, rather than the corporate org chart.

01 · MATERIALS IN

Steel, aluminum, plastics, semiconductors & battery inputs

Sheet steel and aluminum body and frame stock, engineering plastics and polymers, semiconductors, and (for Model e and BlueOval SK) lithium, nickel, cobalt, and graphite battery-cell inputs feed Ford's assembly plants and its battery-cell joint venture.

Public category signal

02 · MAKE

Owned assembly plus a battery-cell joint venture

Ford performs vehicle assembly at company-owned U.S. plants across its three segments, while building battery cells through BlueOval SK, a joint venture with SK On that carries shared, not sole, operating control.

Company described

03 · PRODUCTS OUT

Combustion, hybrid, electric & commercial vehicles

F-Series, Mustang, Bronco, Explorer, Ranger, and Maverick through Ford Blue; Mustang Mach-E, F-150 Lightning, and E-Transit through Ford Model e; fleet and commercial vehicles and services through Ford Pro; plus Lincoln as the luxury brand.

Company described

04 · WASTE OUT

TRI-reported residuals at 23 matched U.S. sites

Xylene, mixed isomers is the reported chemical at the three highest-volume 2024 TRI-matched Ford facilities, consistent with paint and coatings solvent use in vehicle-assembly paint shops; the full 23-facility category breakdown requires EPA-schema verification before use.

Listed-chemical view

What is public now

Reporting segments Ford Blue (combustion and hybrid); Ford Model e (electric vehicles); Ford Pro (commercial and fleet), a structure Ford put in place in 2023 (company reported)

Products F-Series, Mustang, Bronco, Explorer, Ranger, Maverick, and Lincoln nameplates through Ford Blue; Mustang Mach-E, F-150 Lightning, and E-Transit through Model e; commercial vehicles and uptime services through Pro

Public plant signal 23 TRI facility leads (Kansas City Assembly, Claycomo, MO; Kentucky Truck Plant, Louisville, KY; Dearborn Truck Plant, Dearborn, MI among them), candidate leads only, excluded from any owned/operated plant count until ownership and operating control are verified

Decision entry A named plant, segment, and platform is the workable starting point. Ford's own control over a given vehicle program depends on whether it is wholly owned assembly or a shared-control joint venture such as BlueOval SK

What the public record tells us

Segment-control signal: Ford has publicly reported that Ford Model e has been loss-making since it began separate disclosure, a figure investors track closely against the profitability of Ford Blue and Ford Pro. Company reported, verify the current-quarter figure. See the Segments tab for detail.

Materials signal: Ford's F-150, its highest-volume vehicle, has used an aluminum-intensive body over a steel frame since the 2015 model year, a distinct materials-substitution story from a steel-heavy full-size truck platform.

Waste signal: Matched 2024 TRI records show Xylene, mixed isomers reported at Kansas City Assembly (4,539,567 lb), Kentucky Truck Plant (2,494,599 lb), and Dearborn Truck Plant (1,611,102 lb). Xylene use is consistent with paint-shop solvent and coatings steps common in vehicle final assembly; Ford does not itemize this publicly at the process level.

Regulatory and certification signals

Regulatory watchlist CAFE fuel-economy standards, EPA GHG vehicle-emissions standards, state ZEV mandates, IRA battery-sourcing rules, TSCA/PFAS

Certification families IATF 16949 automotive quality management, ISO 14001

How to use this view Full detail sits in the Regulatory & innovation tab: connect each requirement to a named plant, segment, and material before treating it as applicable

Innovation and recovery signals

Material innovation Aluminum-body manufacturing at scale (F-150 since MY2015), battery-cell localization through BlueOval SK, lightweighting research across the Blue and Model e lineups

Recovery pathways Aluminum stamping-scrap closed-loop recycling, steel scrap recovery, end-of-life battery-material recovery as Model e volumes grow

Commercial lens Match segment, plant, and material stream separately. Ford Blue's steel-and-aluminum body-in-white line has a different material profile than Model e's battery-pack assembly

Segments, battery joint ventures & the aluminum F-150

Ford's physical-economy story runs through three distinct reporting segments established in 2023, a battery-cell joint venture with a named partner and two named plant locations, and a well-documented materials-substitution story in its highest-volume vehicle. This is a different structure from a peer automaker's single, undifferentiated EV-platform story.

Relationship types kept separate

Three segments, three different economics

Since 2023, Ford has reported results across three segments: Ford Blue (internal-combustion and hybrid vehicles), Ford Model e (electric vehicles, disclosed separately and reported by Ford as loss-making), and Ford Pro (commercial vehicles, fleet software, and uptime services). This segment split is a distinct disclosure choice: it lets Ford, and outside readers of Ford's results, see the electric-vehicle business's standalone economics rather than blending it into a single combined-vehicle line, which is a different presentation than a peer automaker that does not break out its EV unit the same way.

Control hierarchy

Parent

Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F)Dearborn, Michigan-headquartered automaker, organized into three reporting segments since 2023; SEC periodic filer, CIK 0001467858

Public parent

Ford Blue

Combustion & hybrid vehicle segmentCompany-reported segment covering F-Series, Mustang, Bronco, Explorer, Ranger, Maverick, and Lincoln nameplates; assembled at wholly owned U.S. plants

Owned and operated (company reported)

Ford Model e

Electric vehicle segmentCompany-reported segment covering Mustang Mach-E, F-150 Lightning, and E-Transit; separately disclosed as loss-making by Ford in its own investor filings

Owned segment, reported loss-making

Ford Pro

Commercial & fleet segmentCompany-reported segment covering commercial vans and trucks, fleet management software, and uptime services sold to business and government customers

Owned and operated (company reported)

Battery-cell joint venture

BlueOval SK (with SK On)Battery-cell manufacturing joint venture building plants at BlueOval City, Stanton, TN and a twin-plant complex in Glendale, KY

Joint venture, shared operating control

BlueOval SK: the named plant locations

Partner SK On, a South Korean battery-cell manufacturer, holds the joint-venture partner role alongside Ford in BlueOval SK. This is a different partner and structure from a peer automaker's own battery joint venture with a different named partner

BlueOval City, Stanton, TN Company-reported battery-cell manufacturing campus, part of a broader Ford manufacturing complex at the same site; battery-cell production is the joint venture's scope, not solely Ford's

Glendale, KY (twin plants) Company-reported twin battery-cell plant complex in Glendale, Kentucky, built under the same BlueOval SK joint venture

Ownership framing Battery-cell output at both sites feeds Ford's Model e vehicle programs, but plant-level operating control sits with the joint venture, not with Ford alone. Treat this as shared control, not a Ford-owned-and-operated plant, until joint-venture governance terms are independently verified

The aluminum F-150: a distinct materials story

Ford's F-150, its highest-volume vehicle by a wide margin, has used an aluminum-intensive body over a high-strength steel frame since the 2015 model year, a well-documented, real materials-substitution decision made to reduce vehicle weight. This pairs a steel frame with aluminum body panels rather than an all-steel or all-aluminum structure, which is a distinct materials profile from a competing full-size truck platform that has stayed steel-bodied. The aluminum-body decision affects Ford's sheet-aluminum sourcing, stamping-scrap recovery economics, and repair/collision-parts supply chain in ways that a steel-bodied competitor does not share.

Reading this tab correctly

The three-segment structure is a disclosure and management-accounting story, not a plant-count story: Ford Blue, Model e, and Pro share overlapping physical plants and platforms in many cases, and the segment split reflects how Ford reports results, not necessarily a one-to-one mapping to distinct factories. Treat BlueOval SK's Stanton, TN and Glendale, KY locations as joint-venture sites with shared operating control, not Ford-owned-and-operated plants, until governance and ownership terms are independently verified against Ford's own investor disclosure.

Materials entering the system

Category-level vehicle material families connect Ford's combustion, hybrid, and electric vehicle programs. Ford does not publicly itemize material specifications or grades by plant.

Public category signals

Material family	Public signal	Transition lens
Sheet steel (body & frame)	Well-established automotive category	Recycled-content steel sourcing, lower-emission steelmaking pathways
Aluminum body sheet (F-150 and other programs)	Company described (F-150 since MY2015)	Closed-loop stamping-scrap recovery; aluminum has a well-established scrap-recycling economics advantage over virgin smelting
Engineering plastics & polymers	Public category signal	Recycled-content and bio-based polymer substitution in interior and trim components
EV battery materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite	Public category signal, Model e and BlueOval SK	Battery-material sourcing resilience and IRA-driven localization, tied to BlueOval SK's cell output feeding Model e programs
Semiconductors	Public category signal	Supply-resilience exposure widely reported across the automotive sector following prior semiconductor shortages; Ford-specific mitigation detail is not fully public in this source set

Financial scale context

No usable SEC ticker/CIK mapping resolved for Ford in the cited public sources used to build this brief. Ford's approximately $185 billion FY2024 revenue figure is well established in Ford's own public 10-K filing (NYSE: F, CIK 0001467858) and is cited here as reported, labeled by source type rather than pulled from the internal XBRL merge. Pull the latest 10-K directly to confirm the current-year figure before quoting it externally.

Material transition focus

The practical comparison set: aluminum stamping-scrap closed-loop recovery at F-150 body-in-white lines, steel scrap recovery across Ford Blue and Ford Pro programs, and battery-material sourcing and recycling pathways tied to BlueOval SK cell output, each evaluated at the named plant and platform level, not the parent-company level.

Reported residual, water & climate signals

2024 TRI data gives a facility-level, U.S.-only view across 23 matched sites. Climate and circularity figures come from company disclosure, not a government registry.

Parent-name TRI match plus company-reported climate signals

U.S. TRI facility leads (parent-name match, unresolved)

Facility	Reported chemical	2024 total quantity	Status
Ford Motor Company Kansas City Assembly Plant, Claycomo, MO	Xylene, mixed isomers	4,539,567 lb	Candidate lead, unresolved
Ford Motor Co Kentucky Truck Plant, Louisville, KY	Xylene, mixed isomers	2,494,599 lb	Candidate lead, unresolved
Ford Motor Co Dearborn Truck Plant, Dearborn, MI	Xylene, mixed isomers	1,611,102 lb	Candidate lead, unresolved

All three named facilities, plus 20 additional matched sites not named individually here, are candidate facility leads from parent-name matching against 2024 U.S. TRI records for "FORD MOTOR CO." Excluded from any owned/operated plant count until ownership and operating control are verified. Xylene, mixed isomers at all three named sites is consistent with paint-shop solvent and coatings steps common in vehicle final assembly, but Ford does not publicly disclose the specific process tying xylene to each site.

2024 TRI category breakdown (aggregate across 23 facilities, unresolved category labels)

Category bucket (position in source)	2024 reported quantity
Bucket 1	8,212,377 lb
Bucket 2	4,061,218 lb
Bucket 3	269,638 lb
Bucket 4	2,567,220 lb
Bucket 5	659,373 lb
Bucket 6	0 lb

Exact TRI category labels (for example, release to air vs. transfer to disposal vs. recycled on-site) are unresolved in this source set for these six buckets, the same "verify before use" caveat carried in the Nucor sibling brief for its own unresolved category buckets. The six figures sum to the 15,298,997 lb aggregate quantity reported across all 23 matched facilities. Do not assign a specific EPA-schema category label to any bucket until the underlying TRI form-level data is checked.

Characteristic manufacturing residual streams

Vehicle-assembly manufacturing of the type performed at Ford's owned plants typically generates paint-shop solvent emissions and sludge, stamping-line metal scrap and trim offal, machining coolants and fluids from powertrain production, and (at battery-adjacent sites) battery-material process scrap. These categories are well established for the automotive-manufacturing sector generally; Ford does not itemize volumes for these streams by site in public disclosure beyond the TRI figures above, so treat them as a characteristic-process signal, not a measured figure.

Company-reported climate & circularity commitments

Ford has publicly stated emissions-reduction and circularity goals in its own sustainability and investor disclosures, including targets tied to vehicle electrification through Ford Model e and manufacturing-site emissions reduction. Company reported; confirm the current wording, baseline year, and scope of these commitments in Ford's latest sustainability report before citing a specific figure.

Scope limitation

TRI parent-name matching reaches 23 U.S. facilities filed under a Ford corporate name in this source set; Ford operates additional U.S. and international sites not represented here, including BlueOval SK's joint-venture battery plants, which are not Ford-owned-and-operated facilities and are not included in this TRI count. Water-use and water-risk disclosure specific to Ford manufacturing sites is not prominently public in the sources used for this brief. Treat water stewardship as an open evidence gap, not a confirmed absence.

Regulatory watchlist, certifications & innovation signals

Ford's dominant regulatory throughline is vehicle-emissions and fuel-economy regulation across federal, state, and battery-sourcing rules, a materially different compliance vector than an aerospace or industrial-chemicals company's certification exposure.

Jurisdiction	Framework	Trigger / status
United States (federal)	CAFE fuel-economy standards	Applies fleet-wide across Ford Blue, Model e, and Pro vehicle programs sold in the United States; standards and compliance-year targets are subject to periodic federal revision
United States (federal)	EPA GHG vehicle-emissions standards	Parallel federal emissions-standard track alongside CAFE, applicable to the same vehicle fleet
Select U.S. states (for example California)	State zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates	Requires a rising share of zero-emission vehicle sales in adopting states, directly relevant to Ford Model e volume planning
United States (federal)	Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) battery-sourcing rules	Critical-mineral and battery-component sourcing thresholds affect EV tax-credit eligibility for Model e vehicles and are directly relevant to BlueOval SK's cell-sourcing decisions
United States (federal) / Global	TSCA, PFAS-specific restrictions	Chemical inventory and facility-level release reporting for matched U.S. sites; PFAS-related scrutiny has been raised industry-wide for automotive coatings and treatments, Ford-specific scope and liability are not independently verified in this source set

Regulatory applicability has not been adjudicated per site, segment, or jurisdiction here. This is a watchlist, not a legal conclusion.

Certification families in play

IATF 16949 ISO 14001

Certificate scope and current standing are not verified here for any named Ford or BlueOval SK plant. Certification-family relevance does not prove an active, in-scope certificate for any named site.

Innovation signals

Battery localizationBlueOval SK's two named plant sites (Stanton, TN and Glendale, KY) represent a company-reported push to localize battery-cell manufacturing for Model e vehicles inside the United States

Aluminum-body manufacturingF-150's aluminum-intensive body since MY2015 is a well-established, real production-scale materials-substitution program, distinct from a steel-heavy competing platform

Segment-level disclosureSeparately reporting Ford Model e's results (including its reported losses) is itself a disclosure-innovation signal that gives outside readers segment-level visibility a blended-reporting competitor does not provide

Highest-leverage public opportunities

Each hypothesis connects a public TRI, material, or structural signal to a specific transition pathway, ranked by fit given Ford's three-segment structure and its battery-cell joint venture. These opportunity classes require a named plant or platform before they are qualified.

Aluminum stamping-scrap closed-loop recovery (F-150 body-in-white)

Screening candidate

Recover and reprocess aluminum stamping scrap from F-150 body-in-white production at a named Ford Blue assembly plant, extending an already well-established closed-loop aluminum recycling model in automotive stamping.

Named plant and stamping-line identification
Alloy-grade segregation and contamination control
Delivered economics vs. virgin aluminum sheet

Battery-material sourcing & recycling tied to BlueOval SK

Screening candidate

Support IRA-aligned critical-mineral sourcing and early end-of-life battery-material recovery pathways tied to cell output from BlueOval SK's Stanton, TN and Glendale, KY plants, evidenced at the named-plant level given the joint venture's shared operating control.

Named plant and joint-venture governance confirmation
Lithium, nickel, cobalt, and graphite sourcing-chain mapping
IRA battery-sourcing threshold alignment

Paint-shop solvent (xylene) reduction at named TRI sites

Qualification open

Support a lower-VOC or reduced-volume paint-shop solvent chemistry at Kansas City Assembly, Kentucky Truck Plant, or Dearborn Truck Plant, evidenced at the site level.

Named site and specific paint-line process step
Performance-equivalence data for the coating outcome
Permit and TRI-reporting impact

Steel scrap recovery across Ford Blue & Ford Pro plants

Qualification open

Support steel-scrap recycling programs across Ford's non-aluminum body and frame stamping lines, a well-established but site-specific opportunity across the broader Blue and Pro vehicle lineup.

Named plant and stamping-line identification
Scrap-grade segregation by steel type
Delivered economics vs. virgin steel sourcing

Priority opportunity

Start with a named plant and a named material stream, not the parent brand. Ford's three-segment structure plus its BlueOval SK joint venture means the same material family (steel, aluminum, battery inputs) can sit inside Ford's own control at one plant and shared joint-venture control at another. Recommendation: pilot after evidence closure. Name one plant, one platform, and one material stream before proceeding.

Evidence register. The sources below are the public record used for this brief. Company claims, facility matches, directional hypotheses and unresolved qualification questions are kept separate. A source does not establish ownership, operating control, customer status or a supply agreement by itself.

Public source trail

Every fact in this brief traces to one of these sources, labeled by evidence strength and scope.

S1 · SEC EDGAR

Ford Motor Company, CIK 0001467858, NYSE: F. Approximately $185 billion FY2024 revenue is a well-established figure from Ford's own 10-K filing, cited here as reported since no usable SEC ticker/CIK mapping resolved in the cited public sources used for this brief. Pull the latest 10-K to confirm the current-year figure.

Open source →

S2 · U.S. EPA TRI

2024 U.S. TRI Basic Data Files. Facility, parent, chemical, and management quantities for the 23 Ford-matched facilities in this brief, aggregate quantity 15,298,997 lb.

Open source →

S3 · Ford investor relations

Annual report and investor disclosures. Segment structure (Ford Blue, Model e, Pro), platform descriptions, BlueOval SK joint-venture detail, and company-reported climate and circularity commitments.

Open source →

S4 · U.S. EPA & state regulatory agencies

CAFE fuel-economy standards, EPA GHG vehicle-emissions standards, state ZEV mandate frameworks, and TSCA/PFAS regulatory context relevant to Ford's U.S. vehicle programs and manufacturing sites.

Open source →

S5 · Public reporting on BlueOval SK

Company and third-party reporting on the Ford-SK On joint venture, its BlueOval City, Stanton, TN campus, and its Glendale, KY twin-plant complex. Verify current construction and production status independently.

Open source →

S6 · MT internal ABM database

Material Transition's internal public intelligence extract used to ground the TRI facility leads and category-breakdown figures cited in this brief.

Internal source, not a public URL

Current source · 2025 Integrated Sustainability and Financial Report

Ford Motor Company, official report. Added in the September 2026 evidence refresh. The source supports the bounded company-specific signal above; it does not establish a buyer, supply agreement, ownership, operating control or customer qualification by itself.

Open source →

Current source · Investor relations

Ford Motor Company, official investor site. Added in the September 2026 evidence refresh. The source supports the bounded company-specific signal above; it does not establish a buyer, supply agreement, ownership, operating control or customer qualification by itself.

Open source →

Current source · 2025 Form 10-K

Ford Motor Company, official SEC filing. Added in the September 2026 evidence refresh. The source supports the bounded company-specific signal above; it does not establish a buyer, supply agreement, ownership, operating control or customer qualification by itself.

Open source →

Current source · Circular economy and end-of-life

Ford Motor Company, official sustainability disclosure. Added in the September 2026 evidence refresh. The source supports the bounded company-specific signal above; it does not establish a buyer, supply agreement, ownership, operating control or customer qualification by itself.

Open source →

Source boundary

Scope: 2024 TRI, Ford investor and public regulatory disclosure, and well-established public reporting on the BlueOval SK joint venture and the F-150 aluminum body program, current as of 13 Sep 2026. FY2024 revenue is cited from Ford's own public 10-K filing, not the internal SEC/XBRL merge, which had no usable mapping for Ford; TRI is a 23-facility, U.S.-only, parent-name-matched view with unresolved category buckets; BlueOval SK plant status should be verified against Ford's latest investor disclosure; and every opportunity is a directional hypothesis pending plant-level evidence.

What Ford builds itself, what it builds with a battery partner, and what it builds out of aluminum.

Company flow

Steel, aluminum, plastics, semiconductors & battery inputs

Owned assembly plus a battery-cell joint venture

Combustion, hybrid, electric & commercial vehicles

TRI-reported residuals at 23 matched U.S. sites

What is public now

What the public record tells us

Regulatory and certification signals

Innovation and recovery signals

Segments, battery joint ventures & the aluminum F-150

Three segments, three different economics

Control hierarchy

BlueOval SK: the named plant locations

The aluminum F-150: a distinct materials story

Reading this tab correctly

Products leaving the system

F-Series (Ford Blue)

Mustang, Bronco, Explorer, Ranger, Maverick (Ford Blue)

Mustang Mach-E, F-150 Lightning, E-Transit (Ford Model e)

Ford Pro commercial vehicles & fleet services

Lincoln

Product and application signal

Materials entering the system

Financial scale context

Material transition focus

Reported residual, water & climate signals

U.S. TRI facility leads (parent-name match, unresolved)

2024 TRI category breakdown (aggregate across 23 facilities, unresolved category labels)

Characteristic manufacturing residual streams

Company-reported climate & circularity commitments

Scope limitation

Regulatory watchlist, certifications & innovation signals

Certification families in play

Innovation signals

Highest-leverage public opportunities

Aluminum stamping-scrap closed-loop recovery (F-150 body-in-white)

Battery-material sourcing & recycling tied to BlueOval SK

Paint-shop solvent (xylene) reduction at named TRI sites

Steel scrap recovery across Ford Blue & Ford Pro plants

Priority opportunity

Public source trail

S1 · SEC EDGAR

S2 · U.S. EPA TRI

S3 · Ford investor relations

S4 · U.S. EPA & state regulatory agencies

S5 · Public reporting on BlueOval SK

S6 · MT internal ABM database

Current source · 2025 Integrated Sustainability and Financial Report

Current source · Investor relations

Current source · 2025 Form 10-K

Current source · Circular economy and end-of-life

Source boundary